Building Culturally Responsive Family-School Relationships by Ellen S. Amatea

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This text promotes a collaborative approach to working with all students’ families to promote student learning and resolve student problems throughout the early childhood and elementary school years.

Taking into account economic and cultural diversity as well as exceptionality, Building Culturally Responsive Family-School Relationships describes culturally-responsive instructional and non-instructional practices that educators can use to build family-school relationships characterized by trust, cooperation and motivation to help all children succeed in school.  Grounded in research, this book balances theory and application by discussing conceptual issues and linking them to methods educators can use--making it an essential resource for all school-based practitioners, including school administrators, school counselors, and special education consultants.

 

The book’s collaborative paradigm, first-person stories, case studies and self-reflection exercises set it apart from other texts.  Each chapter contains specific outcomes for the reader, a glossary of relevant terms, several discussion questions and an extensive bibliography including references and suggested readings. Appendices containing a annotated list of Recommended Websites not only expands the resources teachers can use to facilitate student learning, but also helps educators learn more effective ways to personalize their teaching.

 

  • Reflective exercises in every chapter encourage future educators to examine their personal beliefs and assumptions about their involvement with families and promote increased awareness of the attitude shift necessary to promote collaboration with families.
  •  First person stories in every chapter present families and their influence on childhood learning through a strength-based framework.
  • Showcases instructional methods that teachers can use to link students’ home and school worlds.
  • Case Studies, appearing in Parts 3 and 4, provide future teachers with insights into common situations in which educators interact with families, the emotional reactions, and a range of effective responses to these situations.
  • The managing the conflict section describes effective strategies for averting the blaming endemic to many family-school interactions (Ch 11).
  • End of chapter glossary terms, discussion questions, and suggested readings, provide the pedagogical tools to support the course, reinforce student learning, and aid in exam preparation.

    Part I. Changing Family-School Roles and Relationships

    1          Connecting with Families: A Nice or Necessary Practice?

          Ellen S. Amatea

    Learner Objectives

    The Influence of Families on Children’s School Success

    Changing Models of Teaching and Learning

    Sharing the Role of Expert with Families

    Building On Students’ and Families’ Funds of Knowledge

    Practicing No-Fault Problem Solving

    Creating Opportunities for Meaningful, Non-Problematic Interaction

    Discovering the Benefits of Connecting with Families

    Identifying the Barriers

    The Philosophy Underlying Our Approach

    Summary

    Additional Resources

    References       

    2          From Separation to Collaboration: Changing Paradigms of Family-School

                Relations

                Ellen S. Amatea

    Learner Objectives

    Understanding Paradigms

    The Power of a Paradigm Shift

    A Typology of Family-School Paradigms

                            The Separation Paradigm

                            The Remediation Paradigm

                            The Collaboration Paradigm

    Implications for Your Professional Practice

    Summary

    Additional Resources

    References

    3          Building Culturally Responsive Family-School Partnerships: Essential Beliefs, Strategies and Skills

                Ellen S. Amatea

    Learner Objectives

    Vignettes

    Thinking and Working as Partners

    Translating Beliefs into Action: Dyadic or Group Focused Strategies

    Creating Collaborative Dyadic Relationships

    Reaching Out and Sharing Oneself Valuing and Affirming Family Expertise Involving Families as Significant Participants in Children’s Learning

    Focusing on Group Climate-Building

                Examining Existing School Norms and Practices

                Redesigning Core Routines and Practices

    Structural Supports for Family-School Collaboration

    Evidence of Effectiveness

    Developing Your Skills in Family-School Collaboration

    Skill 1. Understanding Oneself, One’s Personal Reactions and Attitudes

    Skill 2. Understanding and Valuing Family and Community Strengths

    Skill 3. Reaching Out and Communicating

    Skill 4. Understanding and Appreciating Family Diversity

    Skill 5. Building in Opportunities for Positive Non-Problematic Family School Interaction

    Skill 6. Creating Active, Co-Decision-Making Roles in Planning and Problem Solving and Accessing Needed Services

    Discussion

    Summary

    Additional Resources

    References

    Part II. Understanding Families in their Socio-cultural Context

    4         From Family Deficit to Family Strength:  Examining How Families

               Influence Children’s School Success

    Ellen S. Amatea

    Learner Objectives

    Vignette

    Moving Beyond Stereotypes:  Changing Research Perspectives

    Using Systems Theory to Understand Family Life

                      Family Systems Theory

    Ecological Systems Theory

    Looking at Key Family System Processes

                      Family Beliefs and Expectations

    Family Emotional Climate

    Family Organizational Patterns

    Family Learning Opportunities

    Strengthening Families’ Capacities to Help Their Children Succeed

    Benefits of a Family Strengths Perspective

    Scanning for Strengths

    Summary

    References

    5          Understanding Family Stress and Change

    Silvia Echevarria-Doan and Heather L. Hanney

    Learner Objectives

    Diverse Family Forms

    Blended Families

    Single-Parent Families

    Gay and Lesbian Families

    Intergenerational and Multigenerational Families

    Adoptive and Foster Families

    Using Family Life Cycle Theory to Understand Family Stress

    Meet the Families

    The Robertson Family

    The Reynolds Family

    The Castillo Family

    Family Life Cycle Theory

    Family Life Cycle Stages

    Understanding Family Stressors

    Unpredictable Stressors and Family Coping

    Family Crisis

    Stages of a Family Crisis

    Family Resources for Responding to Crisis and Stress

    Family Resilience Theory

    Resource-based Reflective Consultation

    The Importance of Teacher Advocacy for Families

                Schools and Stress

    Supportive Schools

    Summary

    References

    6          Equal Access, Unequal Resources: Appreciating Cultural, Social and

                Economic Diversity in Families

          Cirecie A. West-Olatunji

          Learner Objectives

    Understanding Differences in Class and Culture

                      Culture

                      Race

                      Social Class

                      Moderating Influences

    Socio-cultural Stressors

    Exploring the Cultural Worldviews of Families

    Practicing Culturally Responsive Teaching

    Family-School Collaboration as Cultural Reciprocity

          New Roles for Teachers When Partnering With Parents

    Future Considerations and Challenges

    Summary

    Additional Resources

    References

    7          Understanding How Communities Impact Children’s Learning

          Ellen S. Amatea

    Learner Objectives

    Vignette

    Defining Community

    Community as Shared Place

                      Rural and small town communities

                      Urban communities

    Communities as Social Networks

    Neighborhood Effects on Children and Families

    Approaches for Linking Schools and Families with Communities

    Deficit/Need-Based Approaches

    Drawing in Community Resources

    Linking Schools with Community Services

    Asset-Based Approaches

                Parallel Community Initiatives

                Community Schools

    Community Strategies Used by Educators

    Learning about the Community

    Strengthening Parent-to-Parent Supports

    Mobilizing Community Assets

    Summary

    Additional Resources

    References

    Part III. Building Family-School Relationships to Maximize Student Learning

    8          Getting Acquainted with Families

          Teresa Leibforth and Mary Ann Clark

    Learner  Objectives

    Initial Considerations

    Using Effective Relationship and Communication Skills

          Attentive Listening Skills

    Eye contact

    Body Language

    Being a Careful Listener

    Using Encouragers

    Paraphrasing, Clarifying and Summarizing.

    Focusing on and Reflecting Feelings.

                      Asking appropriate questions

    Using Facilitative Feedback

    Communicating Across Cultures

    Everyday Routines For Getting Acquainted With Students’ Families

    Welcome Letters

    Phone Calls to Families

    Using Technology

    Back-to-School Night/Open House

    Family-School Conferences

    Problem-Solving Meetings

    Family Visits

    Summary

    References

    9          Using Families Ways of Knowing to Enhance Teaching and Support

                Learning

          Maria R. Coady

    Learner Objectives

    Vignette

    Re-examining Culture

    Influence of Culture in Educational Settings

    Challenging Unidirectional, School-to-Family Relationships

    Using Families’ Funds of Knowledge to Support Learning

    Expanding Notions of Literacy to Support Learning

    Programs and Projects Using a Multiple Literacies Paradigm

    The Multi-Literacies Project

    The Libros de Familia / Family Books Project

    Using Family and Community Funds of Knowledge to Contexualize Instruction

    Bridging Family Funds of Knowledge and School Settings

    Summary

    Additional Resources

    References

    10        Fostering Student and Family Engagement in Learning Through Student-Led Parent Conferences

          Ellen S. Amatea and Kelly M. Dolan

                Learner Objectives

    Vignette

    Purpose and Benefits of Student-Led Conferences

    The Student Led Conference: A Change in Roles and Responsibilities

    Nature of the Student Led Conference

    The Teacher’s Role

    The Student’s Role

    The Parent’s Role

    Preparing Students and Parents for their New Roles

    Preparing Students

    Preparing Parents

    Discussion

    Summary

    References

    Part IV. Building Relationships Through Joint Decision-making and Problem-

    Solving

    11        Engaging in Collaborative Problem Solving With Families

          Ann A. Rai. and Ellen S. Amatea.

                Learner Objectives

    Vignettes

    Barriers to Collaborative Problem Solving

    Emotionally Charged Nature of Family-School Meetings

    Tendency to Blame

    Monocultural and Monolingual Nature of Schools

    Traditional Style of Parent-Teacher Meetings

    Collaborative Family-School Problem Solving

    Implementing the SOLVES Family School Meeting

    Step One- Setting Up the Meeting & Inviting the Student and Family

    Step Two- Orienting to the Meeting Purpose and Process and Introductions

    Step Three: Listening and Clarifying Participants’ Concerns and Blocking Blame

    Step Four- Validating & Checking for Consensus about Shared Concerns

    Step Five. Expanding Solution Ideas

    Step Six. Setting up an Action Plan and Followup

    Skills Needed in Conducting Family-School Problem Solving Meetings

    Skills in Blocking Blaming

    Using Family-School Problem-Solving with Culturally Diverse Families

    Getting Started with Family-School Problem-Solving

    Discussion

    Summary

    References

    12         Making Decisions and Plans with Families of Students with Special Needs

          Crystal N. Ladwig.

          Learner Objectives

          A Look Back

    Changing Roles of Parents of Children with Special Needs

    Influence of Current Theory and Legislation

                Child Development Theories

    Legislation Decision Making and Planning

    Individualized Education Plans

    Culture and Disability

    Parent Roles within a Family-Centered Approach

    What is Family-Centeredness?

    Family-Centered Roles

    Family-Centered Educational Practices

    Summary

    Additional Resources

    References

    13        Creating a Support Network for Families in Crisis

          Catherine Tucker and Sondra Smith-Adcock

    Learner Objectives

    Assessing Family Strengths and Difficulties

    Working with the Family to Seek Help from the Community

    Common Family Challenges

    Financial Problems

    Divorce

    Death in the Family or Community

    Family Violence

    Child Maltreatment

    Substance Abuse

    Natural Disasters

    Assessing Available Resources

                            Inside the School

    In the Community

    Engaging with Families in Crisis

    Community and School Service Delivery Models

    School-Family-Community Partnerships

    Full Service Community Schools

    Summary

    References

    Appendix A.  Books for Working with Families Experiencing Stressors

    Appendix B. Useful Websites

    14        Seeing the Big Picture: Creating a School Climate That Strengthens

           Family-School Connections

          Linda S. Behar-Horenstein and Frances M. Vandiver

    Learner Objectives

    Creating a More Inviting Family-School Climate

    Rethinking Concepts of Family

    Examining Current Family-School Practices

    Learning about Families’ Perspectives and Circumstances

    Welcoming and Inviting Parent Participation

    Creating Meaningful Co-Roles for Families

    Providing Opportunities for Teacher Skill Development

    How Schools Change Themselves

    The Principal’s Role

    Increasing Faculty Awareness

    Changing Assumptions About Teaching

    Entering As A New Teacher

    Examining the Depth of School Change Required

    Summary

    Additional Resources

    References

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